The Isolation and Characterization of Glycosylated Phosphoproteins from Herring Fish Bones

Past studies of bone extracellular matrix phosphoproteins such as osteopontin and bone sialoprotein have yielded important biological information regarding their role in calcification and the regulation of cellular activity. Most of these studies have been limited to proteins extracted from mammalian and avian vertebrates and nonvertebrates. The present work describes the isolation and purification of two major highly glycosylated and phosphorylated extracellular matrix proteins of 70 and 22 kDa from herring fish bones. The 70-kDa phosphoprotein has some characteristics of osteopontin with respect to amino acid composition and susceptibility to thrombin cleavage. Unlike osteopontin, however, it was found to contain high levels of sialic acid similar to bone sialoprotein. The 22-kDa protein has very different properties such as very high content of phosphoserine (∼270 Ser(P) residues/1000 amino acid residues), Ala, and Asx residues. The N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of both the 70-kDa (NPIMA(M)ETTS(M)DSKVNPLL) and the 22-kDa (NQDMAMEASSDPEAA) fish phosphoproteins indicate that these unique amino acid sequences are unlike any published in protein databases. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the 70-kDa phosphoprotein was present principally in bone and in calcified scales, whereas the 22-kDa phosphoprotein was detected only in bone. Immunohistological analysis revealed diffusely positive immunostaining for both the 70- and 22-kDa phosphoproteins throughout the matrix of the bone. Overall, this work adds additional support to the concept that the mechanism of biological calcification has common evolutionary and fundamental bases throughout vertebrate species.     

Functional design and prey capture dynamics in an ecologically generalized surfperch (Embiotocidae)

Kinematic and electromyographic analyses of prey capture in two species of surfperch (Embiotocidae) reveal differing abilities to modulate strike activity in response to different prey types. Both the black perch, Embiotoca jacksoni, and the shiner perch, Cymatogaster aggregata, demonstrate stereotyped and conserved neuromuscular and kinematic activity in suction feeding. A distinguishing anatomical trait in this family, the interopercular shelf, enhances the coupling of hyoid movement with mandibular depression. Analyses of variance suggest a preprogrammed motor output that is ballistically launched for suction generation, with the possibility of more plasticity in latter phases of the strike. While the trophically limited shiner perch displays a stereotyped repertoire of this one strike pattern, very small prey, larger conglomerates of these, and large distinct prey elicit three modulated patterns in the black perch. Functional characteristics that enable the ecologically generalized black perch to exploit a variety of prey types include energy–conserving modulatory ability, behavioural flexibility in utilizing a conserved suction–generating programme, and the addition of specialized winnowing and spitting activity.     

诱导神经再生治疗阿尔茨海默病的机制研究进展

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是一种以进行性认知障碍和记忆减退为主要特征的中枢神经退行性疾病,已经成为老年医学中最棘手的、亟待解决的问题之一. AD的病理机制仍不清楚,尚无特效治疗药物.目前,探索AD神经再生逐渐成为研究的热点领域,通过诱导神经再生可以有效地改善AD的症状.研究表明,运用药物、物理刺激或干细胞移植方法,可以提高大脑成体神经再生,是延缓AD的病理症状和认知障碍的有效治疗策略.本文综述诱导神经再生的方法及其治疗AD的作用机制,为神经再生治疗实施提供理论依据.     

反毒为药：精准控制河鲀毒素用作局部麻醉药的新进展

钠离子通道阻断剂河鲀毒素(TTX)是致命的毒素之一,却是极具价值的神经生物学和生理学等生命科学研究领域的工具药.近年来,越来越多的研究指出,TTX具有强大的局部麻醉潜能,有望成为替代氨基酯类和氨基酰胺类局部麻醉药、避免阿片类药物滥用的新型麻醉药物.本文综述TTX局部麻醉应用的辅助药物、TTX缓释及控释给药系统等相关研究,旨在为局部麻醉新药研发提供参考并探讨新的思路.     

Computational and Experimental Study of Performance of an Artificial Ligament: DacronTM yarn

Abstract

The success rate of reconstructing the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) with prosthetic ligaments is currently low both in humans and animals. The stress distribution in prosthetic ligaments that causes failure is very complex and not yet understood. Therefore, we have begun to develop a Finite Element Model of a prosthetic ACL. Here we describe the normal and contact stresses in Dacron^TM yarn (a multi-fibrillar structure) using input data based on experimental measurements of the load and strain of six designed yarns.

The results show that the normal and contact stresses in the fibres of the ACL yarn are directly proportional to the yam strains. Increasing the twisting length (transverse deformation) of the yarn increases the normal stress in the fibres and the yarn modulus, but decreases the contact stresses between the fibres. The structural properties of a yarn are dependent on the specific arrangement of various filament types. Increasing the distance between the longitudinal (symmetry) axes of the filaments and the axis of symmetry of the yarn decreases the stresses.     

A high-throughput screening method for improved R-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid biosynthesis

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering - R-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid (R-HPPA) is a key intermediate of the enantiomerically pure phenoxypropionic acid herbicides. R-HPPA could be...     

中国11个双子叶植物原白中排印错误之更正

对我国11个双子叶植物（Dicotyledon）原白中模式标本引证的排印错误做了更正：砚山锥栗（壳斗科）原白中错误地将模式标本引证为王启无84116,实际应为王启无84416,前者属于菊科植物Inuna helianthus-aquatica C.Y.Wu ex Ling。长果柯（壳斗科）原白中错误地将模式标本引证为K.M.Feng 13012,实际应为K.M.Feng 13102,前者属于冬青科植物Ilex triflora Bl.。福建红小麻（荨麻科）原白中错误地将主模式标本引证为C.J.Chen&Z.Y.Li 109,实际应为C.J.Chen&Z.Y.Li 103,前者属于荨麻科植物Oreocnide frutescens（Thunb.）Miq.。少毛全缘叶紫麻（荨麻科）原白中错误地将主模式标本引证为N.K.Chun 44099,实际应为N.K.Chun 44033,前者属于杜鹃花科植物Lyonia ovalifolia（Wallich）Drude var.rubrovenia（Merr.）Judd.。甘南铁线莲（毛茛科）原白中错误地将主模式标本引证为Baishuijiang Exped.4490,实际应为Baishuijiang Exped.4990,前者属于卫矛科植物Euonymus alatus（Thunb.）Sieb.。矮粗距翠雀花（毛茛科）原白中错误地将模式标本引证为Sichuan Veg.Exped.3137,实际应为Sichuan Veg.Exped.3173,前者属于龙胆科植物Gentiana conduplicata T.N.Ho。镇康黄芪（豆科）原白中错误地将主模式标本引证为T.T.Yu 17255,实际应为T.T.Yu 17225,前者属于莎草科植物Scirpus lushanensis Ohwi。宽翼棘豆（豆科）原白中错误地将模式标本引证为Qinghai-Xizang Comp.Exped.9484,实际应为Qinghai-Xizang Comp.Exped.9485,前者属于石竹科植物Arenaria kansuensis Maxim.。肾瓣黄芪（豆科）原白中错误地将模式标本引证为Qinghai-Xizang Comp.Exped.3650,实际应为Qinghai-Xizang Comp.Exped.3605,前者属于麻黄科植物Ephedra gerardiana Wall.ex Mey.。湖南长柄槭（槭树科）原白中错误地将模式标本引证为李泽棠2944,实际应为李泽棠2994,前者属于杜鹃花科植物Pieris formosa D.Don。峨眉勾儿茶（鼠李科）原白中错误地将模式标本引证为杨光辉54729,实际应为杨光辉54723,前者属于山茱萸科植物Helwingia chinensis Batalin.。     

我国少数民族孕产妇孕期保健及其健康现状综述

孕产妇孕期保健及孕产妇健康对促进安全分娩和优生优育起着十分重要的作用,随着我国孕产妇保健工作的进一步完善及国家二胎政策的实施,现代临床医学所倡导的优生优育的观念已逐渐被社会广泛认可。然而,我国少数民族地区多有经济落后、地理位置偏僻、思想观念陈旧等问题,导致我国少数民族孕产妇孕期保健水平还比较低下,孕产妇健康状况有待改善。为预防少数民族地区出生缺陷,降低出生缺陷率,提高优生率,提高少数民族地区出生人口素质,通过完善医疗制度,改善医疗环境,合理营养干预及加强家庭访视等相关健康教育促进孕期保健,提高孕前检查的依从性,实现优生,孕产期健康教育可以降低整个孕期出现的危险因素,本文对我国少数民族的孕产妇孕期保健及健康做一综述。